Video 2.

Time-lapse analysis of PC degranulation after IFN-γ exposure using Zinpyr-1 staining. In small intestinal organoids, PC granules were labeled with the fluorescent dye ZP-1. Movies were acquired with 15-min image intervals (days:hours:minutes:seconds). Confocal signals of single z-planes are shown that were overlaid to bright field images. Addition of 5 ng/ml IFN-γ causes progressive but complete PC degranulation within 12 h. Note that individual PCs extrude all granules into the crypt lumen in an all or nothing fashion.


Paneth cell extrusion and release of antimicrobial products is directly controlled by immune cell–derived IFN-γ

Henner F. Farin, Wouter R. Karthaus, Pekka Kujala, Maryam Rakhshandehroo, Gerald Schwank, Robert G.J. Vries, Eric Kalkhoven, Edward E.S. Nieuwenhuis, and Hans Clevers

DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130753
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