Neuronal mitochondrial perturbation triggers plasma-membrane Ca2+ oscillations within synapse of ADF neurons in a TMBIM-2-dependent manner. Representative fluorescence intensity images of PM-GCaMP6f (yellow) expressed ADF presynaptic vesicle marker (magenta) with WT; neuronal cox-5B knockdown; tmbim-2(yth130); neuronal cox-5B knockdown+tmbim-2(yth130) background, respectively. The PM-GCaMP6f fluorescence signal detected by confocal LSM980 with Airyscan 2 @10 Hz Multiplex SR-4Y Modes, related to Fig. 3, B–E. The GCaMP6f signal was imaged for 60 s. Scale bar: 2 μm. The video was recorded at 10 frames per second (fps). The playback speed is set to real-time, meaning that the video reflects the actual temporal dynamics of the Ca2+ oscillations observed in the experiment.