Inhibition of smooth neural plate morphogenesis in the absence of apoptosis. High-magnification views of the time-lapse video of neural plate morphogenesis in apaf-1−/−;SCAT3tg/+ embryos, as shown in Fig. 6 B. In these embryos, D-type apoptotic cells were not observed, and both flipping of the neural ridge and bending of the neural plate were severely reduced. Caspase activation is indicated by the V/C (1.0–0.5) using pseudocolor (top). ECFP image is indicated (bottom). Live imaging was performed on an inverted confocal microscope (TCS SP5). Frames were taken at intervals of 8 min for 12 h.